Bellwork: Before you begin
Read your
question for the day Read or
re-read the text while Marking the text SS style
The Preamble of the Constitution
What is the Preamble?
The Preamble is the
opening statement to the United States Constitution. The preamble explains the
reasons why the Framers of the Constitution made our government a republic. By
doing this, the founding fathers replaced the Articles of Confederation. The Preamble
along with the rest of the Constitution was written over a period of about 6
weeks. The Preamble helped explain why the Constitution was written. However,
it is not the law.
The preamble of the United States Constitution is the
following:
"We the People of
the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,
insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our
Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of
America."
Understanding the Preamble
The Preamble can be
broken down into many important phrases. All of these phrases are very
important for understanding the purpose of the United States Constitution.
We the people: This phrase means all the citizens
of the United States of America. Even though the Constitution was written up by
some of the most well-educated men of the new country, the rights given under
the document were given to all American citizens.
In order to form a
more perfect union: The
previous government was based on the Articles of Confederation, which were very
limited. When the Framers wrote this, they felt that they were making new
government that would be a better way to govern the country.
Question for the
day
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Question for day 1:
1.
What was the
founding fathers intent when they started with “We the people”?
a)
To get the people’s
attention
c)
To show that we
are not in a Democracy
d)
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Question for day 2:
a)
What is the
purpose of including “secure the Blessings of Liberty”?
a)
To secure Bills
b)
To secure Diversity
c)
To secure
Freedom
d)
To secure
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Question for day 3:
3. When the Framers wrote “in Order to form a more perfect Union” they intended for
us to:
a)
We will be
limited like in the Articles of Confederation
b)
We will
establish fluency throughout the states
c)
d)
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Question for day 4:
4.
The purpose of
including “provide for the common defense” was to give us
a)
To establish a
military
b)
To establish
c)
d)
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Quiz Day 5
QUIZ DAY 5
Biography:
Thurgood Marshall
(1908–1993)
Thurgood
Marshall’s first major legal case set the tone for a lifetime of breaking down
racial barriers. After Marshall graduated from Lincoln University in 1930, he decided
to study law. He applied to the University of Maryland, but his application was
rejected because he was African American. Instead, Marshall attended Howard
University’s School of Law and graduated first in his class. In 1935 Marshall
sued the University of Maryland on behalf of an African American applicant who
was rejected solely because of his race. The lawsuit was successful.
Civil
Rights Success Stories
The son of a
railroad porter and an elementary school teacher, Marshall excelled at his studies.
After graduating from law school, Marshall joined the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) as a staff lawyer. In two years, he
became the head of the NAACP’s legal team. He later served as chief of the
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
In the 1940s and
1950s, Marshall successfully argued 29 of the 32 cases he represented before
the Supreme Court. One of those cases included the landmark 1954 Brown v. Board of
Education decision. This was the case that struck down racial segregation in
schools. Because of these victories, Marshall became known as one of the
foremost lawyers in the United States.
In 1961
President John F. Kennedy nominated Marshall as a federal appeals judge. In
1965 President Lyndon Johnson appointed Marshall as U.S. Solicitor General.
Johnson nominated him for the Supreme Court two years later. The Senate
approved Marshall’s confirmation in August 1967. He was the first African
American to sit on the United States Supreme Court.
Supreme
Court Years and Legacy
When Marshall
joined the Supreme Court, it was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren. The Warren
Court actively promoted the rights of minorities and women. These groups had
previously received less protection under the law than had white male citizens.
Marshall blended
well with this court. He worked against racism and he often supported the
federal government over the states. The Court’s views in the 1970s often
mirrored those of Marshall on civil rights cases. During the 1980s, the makeup
of the Supreme Court changed. Marshall’s more liberal views now fell into the
minority. By the time he retired in 1991, Marshall had become known as “the
Great Dissenter.” As a lawyer and as a judge, Marshall fought racial injustice
both personally and professionally.
QUIZ DAY 5
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1. Which of
these events from Marshall’s life helps
the reader to predict his
later success?
a.
He came from a working-class family.
b.
The University of Maryland refused to admit him because of his race.
c.
He attended Lincoln University.
d.
His first major legal win was to sue the University of Maryland for
rejecting another minority student.
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2. What is the
author’s purpose in writing this article?
a.
To describe the huge achievements Marshall made during his lifetime.
b.
To entertain the reader with stories from Marshall’s life.
c.
To persuade the reader to support Marshall’s point of view.
d.
To explain how Marshall became a Supreme Court Justice.
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3. In the
final paragraph of the article, Marshall is
referred to as the “Great
Dissenter.” What does
the author mean by this?
a.
Marshall had begun fighting for the rights of white male citizens
instead of minorities.
b.
Marshall changed from liberal to conservative.
c.
The court changed, but Marshall stayed true to his beliefs.
d.
Marshall disagreed with Chief Justice Earl Warren most of the time.
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4. Based on
the information in the article, what was
the author’s view of
Thurgood Marshall’s life and
career?
a.
He spent his life fighting for people’s rights.
b.
He was in favor of states’ rights.
c.
He followed along with the rest of the Supreme Court’s opinions.
d.
He led a very average life.
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